GIT

Git practices and commands

• GIT
  • Practices
    • .GitIgnore
  • Commands
    • git init
    • git add
    • git status
    • git log
    • git remote
    • git commit
    • git push
    • git pull
    • git branch
    • git fetch
    • git checkout
    • git merge
    • git reset
    • git clone

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Practices

.GitIgnore

Use a .gitignore file to implicity include or exclude files from Git

# exclude these
/node_modules
/config/*.json
/dist
/public/custom/pictures
/public/custom

# include this specifically
!/public/custom/custom.css

# Empty folders with only a .keep file are included. Good to retain folder structure
!.keep

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Commands

git init

Initialises a new Git repository in the current directory

$ mkdir railsapp  
$ cd railsapp  
$ git init

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git add

Adds state changes in the current director for staging

$ echo "README.md" >> ADE.md  
$ echo "app.rb" >> README.md  
$ git add README.md

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git status

Shows the current state of your project

$ git status

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git log

Shows the the history of all commits made in your project

$ git log

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git remote

Links your local project to a remote repository like GitHub

$ git remote add origin https://github.com/username/projectname.git

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git commit

Commit staged changes with a commit message

$ git add .  
$ git commit -m "Update files"  

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git push

Push changes to a git repository

$ git push origin main/master

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git pull

Pulls the latest changes from the online repository to your local project

$ git pull

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git branch

list branches, create branch, and switch to it

$ git branch  
$ git branch feature-login

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git fetch

Retrieve data from a remote repository without merging chnages

$ git remote add origin <url>

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git checkout

Switch to the specified branch

$ git checkout feature-login

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git merge

Merge the specified branch into the current branch

$ git checkout main  
$ git merge feature-login

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git reset

Reset the current branch to the specified commit

$ git log --oneline  
$ git reset --hard last-commit-hash

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git clone

Copies an existing repository from GitHub to your local system

$ git clone https://github.com/username/project.git

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